Fiber Optic
fiber Optic
Definition: Fiber optic is a data transmission technology that uses very thin glass or plastic fibers to transmit light signals as information carriers.
Fiber Optic Structure:
- Core: Central part where light propagates
- Cladding: Outer layer surrounding the core with lower refractive index
- Buffer Coating: Mechanical protection for the fiber
- Jacket: Outer protective layer of the cable
Working Principle:
- Uses Total Internal Reflection principle
- Light is completely reflected within the core
- Data is encoded in light pulse form
- Transmission speed approaches the speed of light
Types of Fiber Optic:
- Single Mode: Small core (~9 μm), long distance transmission
- Multi Mode: Large core (~50-62.5 μm), short to medium distance
Advantages:
- Extremely high bandwidth
- Very fast transmission speed
- Immune to electromagnetic interference
- High data security
- Long transmission distance without repeaters
- Resistant to corrosion and weather
Applications:
- Internet and telecommunications
- Computer networks (LAN/WAN)
- Cable TV systems
- Industrial sensors
- Medical equipment (endoscopy)
- Security systems
Supporting Components:
- Optical Transmitter (LED/Laser)
- Optical Receiver (Photodiode)
- Optical Amplifier
- Splitter and Coupler
- Connector and Splice
Installation Considerations:
- Proper cable routing and protection
- Minimum bend radius requirements
- Clean connections and splicing
- Testing and certification
- Environmental protection
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